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Founding Father John Jay, a preeminent determine among the many mental giants who formed the nation, was sworn in as the primary Chief Justice of the Supreme Court docket of america on this present day in historical past, October 19, 1789.
The New York native held the title till he resigned in 1795, one of many shortest phrases for the distinguished lifetime appointment.
Within the 227 years since, solely 16 different individuals have held the title of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court docket.
Main the Supreme Court docket in its infancy was one of many many unbelievable achievements of this Founding Father, a person whose contributions to the nation’s creation have been overshadowed by a number of of his contemporaries through the years.
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“John Jay held extra senior positions than another Founding Father, together with president of the Second Continental Congress, Secretary of State underneath the Articles of Confederation, and, most famously, the primary Chief Justice of the Supreme Court docket,” the Nationwide wrote Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Establishment in its reward of the foundational determine in American historical past.
“Washington noticed Jay as distinctive in his superior advantage and objectivity and appointed him chief justice with nice confidence in his {qualifications},” the Nationwide Portrait Gallery tribute mentioned.
Portrait of John Jay (1745-1829), American statesman, patriot, diplomat, founding father and first chief justice of the US Painted by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828), American painter; dated 18th century. (Common Historical past Archive/Common Photos Group by way of Getty Photos)
President George Washington nominated Jay to the place of chief justice on September 24, after Jay initially declined a suggestion to function first secretary of state.
“John Jay held extra senior positions than another Founding Father.”
The Senate unanimously confirmed him on September 26.
He took his two oaths, a judicial oath and a constitutional oath, as required of all Supreme Court docket justices, on October 19 earlier than New York State Chief Justice Richard Morris.
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“Since this was an inaugural place, a lot of Jay’s duties concerned establishing guidelines, procedures, and precedents,” writes ConstitutionFacts.com, a web site run by Oak Hill Publishing, which calls itself “the world chief in paperback constitutions.”
Picture of the signatures and seals of the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the settlement that formally ended the American Battle of Independence between Nice Britain and the North American Colonies, in Paris, September 3, 1783. From above are the signatures of the English politician David Hartley (1731-1813), consultant of Nice Britain; and American politicians John Adams (1735-1826), Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) and John Jay (1745-1829). (Archive Images / Getty Photos)
“Essentially the most well-known case he presided over was Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), normally related to the introduction of judicial overview. Nonetheless, the judicial choice was later overturned by the ratification of the Eleventh Modification.”
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Jay, amongst his different main achievements, was one of many three main authors of the Federalist Papers, together with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
“Washington noticed Jay as distinctive in his superior advantage and objectivity.”
He helped – together with John Adams and Ben Franklin – negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which formally secured American independence from the British crown and within the eyes of the world.
He was additionally a key determine within the abolition motion.
Supreme Court docket Chief Justice John Roberts is seen previous to President Joe Biden’s State of the Union deal with throughout a joint session of Congress on the U.S. Capitol on March 1, 2022 in Washington, DC. Roberts is just the seventeenth chief justice in US historical past. (Julia Nikhinson-Pool/Getty Photos)
“The wrestle for our personal liberty, and the denial of that blessing to others, includes an inconsistency which ought to not be excused,” Jay wrote to a pal in 1786 in one in all his most well-known quotes.
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Jay was solely 49 years previous when he resigned as chief justice on June 29, 1795.
“He turned governor of New York in 1795, organized the New York Manumission Society, and helped cross a gradual emancipation legislation in 1799 that led to the eventual finish of slavery in New York in 1827,” reviews George Washington’s Mount Vernon.
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“Jay left the governorship of New York in 1801 to retire, and died in 1829.”
