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Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose. Diabetes can also be caused by a lack of insulin resistance from this hormone or for both reasons.
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used as energy by the body.
Several processes take place when food is digested:
- A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a fuel source for the body
- An organ called the pancreas produces insulin. Insulin’s role is to take up glucose from the muscle cells into the blood, fat and liver, where the sugar is used as fuel
People with diabetes have too much sugar in their blood. This is because:
- The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
- The cells of muscle, fat and liver do not respond well to insulin
There are three main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed over the age of 20. Because of this disease, the body produces little or no insulin. Are daily insulin injections required. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune issues may play a role
- Type 2 diabetes is by far the most common type. It covers most cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adults, but more and more young people are being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels, usually because the body does not respond properly to insulin. Many people do not know they have type 2 diabetes, even though it is a serious disease. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing cases of obesity and lack of exercise
- Gestational diabetes is a high blood glucose level that occurs at any time during pregnancy in non-diabetic women. Women with gestational diabetes are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future
Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. More than 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes (early type 2 diabetes).
There are many risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including:
- Age over 45 years
- Father, mother, siblings with diabetes
- Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kg
- Heart disease
- High blood cholesterol
- obesity
- Not enough exercise
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (in women)
- Decreased glucose tolerance
- Some ethnic groups (mainly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, those born in the Pacific Islands, and Hispanic Americans)
Symptoms
Elevated blood glucose levels can cause a variety of problems, including:
- Blurry sight
- Extreme thirst
- Fatigue
- Frequent urination
- Hungry
- Weight loss
However, due to the fact that type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood glucose do not feel any symptoms.
Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes:
- Fatigue
- Increased thirst
- Increased urination
- Nausea
- vomit
- Weight loss despite increased appetite
Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms for a short period of time. This disease is often diagnosed in an emergency situation.
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:
- Blurry sight
- Fatigue
- Increased appetite
- Increased thirst
- Increased urination
Therapy
The immediate goals are the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and high blood glucose levels. Because type 1 diabetes starts suddenly and has severe symptoms, people who have just been diagnosed may need to go to the hospital.
The long-term goals of treatment are:
- Extend life
- Reduce symptoms
- Preventing complications associated with diseases such as blindness, heart disease, liver failure and amputation of limbs
These goals are achieved by:
- Control of blood pressure and cholesterol
- Autotests careful blood glucose levels
- Educational measures
- Exercise
- Foot care
- Meal planning and weight control
- Use of medication or insulin
Diabetes cannot be cured. Treatment consists of medication, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar levels and prevent symptoms.
LEARN THESE TECHNIQUES
The basic technique of managing diabetes helps avoid the need for emergency care.
These techniques include:
- How to Recognize and Treat Low (Hypoglycemia) and High (Hyperglycemia) Blood Sugar Levels
- What to eat and when
- How to administer insulin or oral medication
- How to test and record blood glucose
- As a urine test to check for the presence of ketones (type 1 diabetes only)
- How to adjust insulin or food intake when changing eating habits and exercise
- How to deal with the days when you feel unwell
- Where to buy diabetic supplies and how to store them
Once you’ve learned the basics of diabetes care, you’ll learn how the disease can cause long-term health problems and the best ways to avoid those problems. Review and update your knowledge as new studies and improved methods of treating diabetes are constantly being developed.
Symptoms and treatment of different types
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