Tactical nuclear weapons (TNWs), often known as nonstrategic nuclear weapons, provide a specific niche in the larger landscape of nuclear arsenals. These weapons are distinguished from strategic nuclear bombs by their limited range and unique operating roles. This analysis seeks to provide a thorough knowledge of what TNWs are, how they vary from missiles, and the ramifications of their presence in national arsenals, with a special emphasis on South Asia and their global context.
TNWs, as they are commonly characterized in the US-Soviet (Russian) context, include a wide spectrum of short-range nuclear weapons. Land-based missiles with a range of less than 500 kilometers (about 300 miles) and air- and sea-launched weapons with a range of less than 600 kilometers (about 400 miles) are examples of these. It is crucial to note that these classifications can differ because different countries classify their nuclear weapons in different ways. For example, France classified all of its currently deployed nuclear weapons as strategic, whereas China classifies certain weapons as strategic that would be deemed tactical in the US-Russia scenario.
It is critical to distinguish tactical nuclear weapons from missiles. Tactical nuclear weapons are a subset of nuclear weapons built for specific operational purposes, whereas missiles are delivery systems capable of transporting a wide range of payloads, including both conventional and nuclear warheads.
One of the fundamental distinctions is their aim and scope. TNWs are designed for use in battlefield and theater-level operations, usually in tandem with conventional troops. Because of their restricted range, they are best suited for confined battles. Missiles, on the other hand, are adaptable delivery vehicles that can carry a wide range of payloads and often have intercontinental range.
Another distinguishing feature is the impression of usability. Because of their smaller size and shorter ranges, TNWs are sometimes seen to be more useful than their strategic counterparts. This view is based on the assumption that their small production may be used without inflicting widespread devastation. Missiles, like delivery systems, are versatile tools for conveying varied payloads and do not automatically dictate their usability.
In terms of deployment, TNWs are frequently forward-deployed near probable conflict zones, allowing for their immediate availability for use. Missiles, on the other hand, are launched from a variety of platforms and places, depending on their intended targets and range.
The inclusion of TNWs in national arsenals generates a number of questions and concerns. These include their vulnerability to theft, which is often due to their small size, as well as outmoded security mechanisms. This flaw highlights the significance of secure storage and control procedures for these weapons. Furthermore, the impression of TNWs as more useable may reduce the nuclear threshold, enhancing the possibility of limited nuclear use in conflicts. The presence of TNWs can set a dangerous precedent for other countries, perhaps pushing them to pursue similar capabilities, potentially destabilizing global security. Finally, debates of pre-delegating launch power to lower-level commanders in war settings may raise worries about TNW political control.
The inclusion of TNWs in India’s and Pakistan’s nuclear arsenals complicates regional security dynamics in South Asia. Because of the proximity of these two nuclear-armed powers and their history of conflict, these weapons, which are deemed essential to their deterrence postures, pose worries. The presence of TNWs emphasizes the importance of trust-building measures and open communication to avoid misunderstandings that could increase tensions.
To address concerns about the prevalence of TNWs and its implications for global security, the existing regime must be strengthened. International organizations, such as the New Agenda Coalition, have sought to persuade nuclear nations to take action on TNWs. Improving TNW control and oversight while promoting disarmament and non-proliferation remains a critical challenge in modern international security.
In conclusion, tactical nuclear weapons are a separate subgroup of nuclear weapons that are developed for specialized operational missions with shorter ranges. They are not the same as missiles, which are adaptable delivery vehicles for a variety of payloads. The inclusion of TNWs in national arsenals raises worries about their vulnerability, perceived usefulness, and the possibility of greater nuclear proliferation. The existence of TNWs in South Asia adds another degree of complexity to regional security dynamics, emphasizing the significance of confidence-building measures and open communication. Addressing these concerns, as well as promoting disarmament and non-proliferation, remain key challenges in today’s global security environment.
Author’s Bio
Sehr Rushmeen, an Islamabad based freelance researcher, with area of research interest in Strategic Nuclear Studies and Warfare
