Kashmiris across the globe observed “Accession to Pakistan Day” on 19th July, re-affirming their commitment to the ongoing struggle for self-determination. This annual event marks the desire of many in the region to merge with Pakistan, a sentiment deeply rooted in the historical and political landscape of the region. In Pakistan-Administered Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), the Government has declared a public holiday to allow citizens to participate in various programs commemorating the day.
“Accession to Pakistan Day,” reminds the world of the enduring conflict over Jammu and Kashmir which is a significant geopolitical issue. The renewed pledge for self-determination underscores the deep-seated desire for a peaceful resolution that respects the will of the Kashmiri people. While the political and security situation remains tense, the day serves as a reminder of the region’s historical context and the continuing struggle for justice and autonomy. The international community’s role in mediating and advocating for human rights is crucial in shaping the future of this disputed territory.
Historical Context and Significance
The origins of “Accession to Pakistan Day” trace back to the tumultuous period of 1947, when British India was partitioned into India and Pakistan. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, with its Muslim-majority population, was left in a complex position. The then Maharaja Hari Singh, initially sought to remain independent but eventually acceded to India under contentious circumstances, leading to the first Indo-Pak war. The United Nations intervened, calling for a plebiscite to let the Kashmiri people decide their fate—a promise yet unfulfilled.
Each year on July 19, Kashmiris recall the 1947 resolution passed by the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, advocating for the state’s accession to Pakistan. This day serves as a potent reminder of their longstanding demand for a plebiscite, aligning with the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The day is marked by rallies, seminars, and public gatherings, emphasizing the historical ties and collective aspirations of the Kashmiri people.
Current Dynamics and Observations
The observance of “Accession to Pakistan Day” in 2024 comes at a time of heightened tensions and violence in the region that is illegally occupied by India. The Indian government’s revocation of Article 370 in August 2019, aims to enforce engineered demographic changes in Jammu and Kashmir. It has exacerbated the conflict, leading to increased militarization and unrest. Reports indicate an uptick in violence, with frequent clashes between security forces and militants, resulting in civilian casualties and human rights violations.
Pakistan’s Stance and International Advocacy
Pakistan has consistently advocated for the right of self-determination for the people of Jammu and Kashmir, urging India to honor the UNSC resolutions and hold a plebiscite. Pakistani leaders, including the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, have reiterated this demand at international forums, highlighting the plight of Kashmiris under Indian Administration. They emphasize the need for global attention and intervention to resolve the longstanding dispute under the Kashmiri people’s wishes.
Pakistani state media often portrays “Accession to Pakistan Day” as a symbol of resistance against what it describes as Indian occupation. It underscores the cultural, religious, and historical connections between Kashmiris and Pakistanis, arguing for a natural and just merger.
The Human Rights Dimension
Human rights organizations have raised serious concerns about the situation in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu & Kashmir, particularly after the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019. The removal of this special status has led to significant changes in the region’s autonomy and governance, intensifying the conflict and drawing international scrutiny.
Reports and Findings
Amnesty International has documented numerous human rights abuses in the region. According to their reports, there have been over 5,000 cases of arbitrary detentions since August 2019. The use of the Public Safety Act (PSA) allows for detentions without trial for up to two years, which has been widely criticized for its lack of judicial oversight and potential for abuse.
Human Rights Watch reported that there were at least 144 cases of torture and ill-treatment by security forces, including beatings and electric shocks. They also highlighted the use of pellet-firing shotguns, which have caused thousands of injuries and blinded many civilians.
The United Nations has expressed grave concerns through multiple reports. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) released a report detailing human rights violations in Jammu and Kashmir, including enforced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and widespread use of torture. The report documented over 7,000 cases of custodial deaths since the 1990s.
Communication Blackouts and Curfews
The imposition of communication blackouts has further isolated the region. Following the abrogation of Article 370, the Indian government enforced a total communications blackout, which included internet and phone services, lasting for several months. This unprecedented move disrupted daily life, hampered emergency services, and restricted the flow of information, drawing widespread condemnation from international bodies.
Curfews and lockdowns have been a frequent occurrence, severely impacting the local population’s freedom of movement. These restrictions have often led to shortages of essential supplies, including food and medicine, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis.
Role of the Kashmiri Diaspora
The Kashmiri diaspora, particularly in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and other Western nations, has been instrumental in raising global awareness about the human rights situation in Kashmir. Members of the Kashmiri diaspora engage in lobbying efforts to influence the foreign policies of their host countries. They meet with lawmakers, participate in policy discussions, and provide briefings to governmental bodies. Their goal is to persuade these governments to take a stand on the Kashmir issue, either by condemning human rights abuses or by supporting international mediation efforts. Through organized protests, lobbying efforts, and social media campaigns, they seek to highlight the plight of Kashmiris and push for international intervention.
Cultural and Social Impact
“Accession to Pakistan Day” also serves as a cultural event, celebrating Kashmiri heritage and identity. In AJK, the day is marked by traditional music, poetry, and dance performances, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the region. Educational institutions and community centers organize events to educate the younger generation about their history and the significance of their struggle.
The observance of this day fosters a sense of solidarity and unity among Kashmiris, both within the region and in the diaspora. It reinforces their collective memory and aspirations, reminding the world of their unresolved plight.
