The upcoming Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Islamabad is shaping up to be a crucial moment for Pakistan, offering a unique opportunity to reshape its role within the Global South and enhance its standing on the world stage. As the nation gears up to host this important event, it has a chance to boost its diplomatic image, capitalize on its geographical and economic significance, and establish itself as a leader in regional affairs.
Founded in 2001, the SCO brings together eight member states—China, Russia, India, Pakistan, and four Central Asian republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan—along with observer states such as Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Mongolia. Over the years, the organization has gained traction for its focus on regional security, economic cooperation, and political dialogue. For Pakistan, which is currently navigating a series of economic and political hurdles, hosting the summit is an opportunity to showcase its ability to engage with global issues and assert its role in the region.
Terrorism: A Critical Concern
One of the key topics on the agenda is likely to be terrorism, an issue Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif has already highlighted as a pressing concern for member states. With Pakistan grappling with threats from various militant groups, particularly the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), the summit offers an essential platform for Sharif to seek regional support in combating this menace.
In his calls for a collective response, Sharif is tapping into a broader regional urgency. His advocacy highlights the need for member states to recognize the specific challenges Pakistan faces, including accusations of “state-sponsored terrorism” from India. This framing not only aims to shift the narrative but also seeks to garner broader backing for Pakistan’s security needs.
The Afghan Connection
Adding complexity to this situation is Pakistan’s relationship with Afghanistan, especially after the Taliban’s return to power. Islamabad has found it increasingly challenging to persuade the Afghan Taliban to rein in the activities of groups like the TTP. Sharif’s appeals for the Afghan government to take decisive action against terrorism reflect Pakistan’s frustrations and the urgent need for regional cooperation.
The timing of the SCO summit is especially important, coinciding with Pakistan’s announcement of a new counterterrorism initiative, “Zarb-e-Istehkam.” This campaign aims to address the rising threat of militancy, and the summit provides a crucial opportunity for Pakistan to rally regional support for its efforts.
Economic Ties and Growth Potential
Beyond security concerns, the SCO summit also allows Pakistan to reinforce its role as a vital link between South and Central Asia. Its strategic location is crucial for regional trade and energy transit, especially as the SCO emphasizes economic development and infrastructural cooperation. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a prime example of this potential, facilitating connections between Central Asia and the Indian Ocean.
Engagement with the SCO can significantly bolster Pakistan’s economic prospects. With member states representing nearly 40% of the global population and about 25% of the world’s GDP, the bloc includes some of the fastest-growing economies. By actively participating in the SCO, Pakistan can enhance trade partnerships and secure access to vital resources, particularly energy, which is crucial for its development.
Addressing Regional Concerns
However, for Pakistan to successfully garner support, it must confront some regional perceptions regarding its security policies. Many neighboring countries have concerns that Pakistan has not fully committed to addressing militancy. To counter this narrative, Islamabad needs to demonstrate a unified front against these challenges. Showing resolve in tackling internal issues will enhance Pakistan’s credibility in advocating for a collaborative anti-terrorism strategy within the SCO.
The relationship with China, Pakistan’s closest ally, also plays a critical role. Beijing has encouraged Islamabad to effectively tackle the threats posed by militancy, which can sometimes strain bilateral cooperation. By taking decisive steps to combat terrorism, Pakistan can strengthen its ties with China and foster greater regional collaboration.
A Defining Opportunity Ahead
As the SCO summit approaches, it’s clear that this gathering is not just a diplomatic formality; it’s a strategic chance for Pakistan to assert its leadership in the Global South. By addressing the urgent issue of terrorism, promoting economic cooperation, and leveraging its geographical advantages, Pakistan can position itself as a responsible player in international diplomacy.
The success of the summit will depend on Pakistan’s ability to balance its historical alliances with new partnerships within the SCO while demonstrating a firm commitment to resolving its security challenges. By fostering cooperation and advocating for collective action against terrorism, Pakistan can secure a more influential role in the Global South, contributing to regional stability and prosperity. In doing so, it has the potential not only to reshape its diplomatic identity but also to emerge as a key player on the global stage, ready to tackle contemporary challenges with confidence and resilience. As the world watches, this summit could be the turning point that allows Pakistan to reclaim its position as a proactive leader in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.
