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Diabetes mellitus encompasses a spectrum of diseases that affect the way your body uses glucose (sugar). Glucose is essential for good health; it is an essential source of energy for the cells of the body. The brain also uses glucose as its main source of energy. A person’s well-being depends to some extent on the efficient use of glucose in the body. Diabetes can cause a wide variety of symptoms, including excessive sweating, weight loss, and slow-healing wounds.
The reasons why someone gets diabetes varies depending on the type. However, all types of diabetes will result in excessive amounts of glucose in the blood. Excessive blood sugar can lead to very serious health problems. Diabetes and sweating is a relatively minor symptom, while permanent blindness is one of the most serious consequences of uncontrolled diabetes.
Chronic diabetes manifests as type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. There are also two potentially reversible forms of diabetes. The first is prediabetes; this is when blood sugar is higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. The second type of potentially reversible diabetes is gestational diabetes; this happens during pregnancy but disappears after the baby is born.
DIABETES SYMPTOMS
The severity of symptoms may depend on how high or low your blood sugar is. Some who have diabetes may not notice any symptoms at first, especially if they have prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. However, people with type 1 diabetes often have more severe symptoms that manifest more quickly.
SOME TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES SYMPTOMS INCLUDE:
Excessive sweating
Frequent urination and thirst
Extreme hunger and fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Ketones in the urine
Irritability
Blurry sight
Slow healing wounds
Although type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it is most often diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes can also develop at any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 40.
DIABETES AND SWEAT
Low blood sugar levels are part of the diabetic cycle; it’s called hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia will send the body into a fight-or-flight response. This in turn causes the body to produce more adrenaline and norepinephrine, which can cause heavy sweating as well as diabetes symptoms of anxiety and shakiness.
EXTREME HUNGRY AND FATIGUE
The body converts food into glucose so that the body can use that sugar for energy. However, the body’s cells need insulin to use glucose. If the body doesn’t make enough insulin, or if the cells are insulin resistant, the glucose can’t fuel the cells, resulting in hunger and fatigue.
FREQUENT URINING AND EXCESSIVE THIRST
The average person urinates four to seven times a day. However, people with diabetes may need to urinate a lot more. Normally, the body will reabsorb glucose as it passes through the kidneys. But since diabetes raises blood sugar, the kidneys may not be able to reabsorb it all. This triggers the body to produce more urine. More urine requires more fluid, making the diabetic thirsty.
UNEXPLATED WEIGHT LOSS
Insufficient insulin prevents the body from taking blood glucose into the body’s cells for energy. When this happens, the body will burn muscle and fat for energy. This results in weight loss. Unusual weight loss often occurs prior to a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. However, unexpected weight loss can also affect people with type 2 diabetes.
KETONES IN THE URINE
When the body’s cells don’t get enough glucose, the body starts burning fat for energy. This will produce ketones, which will show up in the urine. High levels of ketones in the urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis. This diabetic symptom can lead to coma or, in extreme cases, death.
IRRITABILITY
Low glucose levels can cause a range of emotional symptoms, including irritability, moodiness, and belligerence. If a diabetic is experiencing irritability, it is advisable to check their blood sugar levels.
FAR VISION
High blood sugar levels can affect your vision; it causes the lens of the eye to swell, resulting in temporary blurry vision. However, blurred vision can also be the result of low blood sugar. In the case of low blood sugar, vision should return to normal once blood glucose returns to normal. However, if diabetes is not controlled, it can cause irreversible damage to the eyes, resulting in permanent blindness.
SLOW HEALING WOUNDS
When blood sugar levels are higher than normal, oxygen and nutrients are prevented from feeding the cells. This, in turn, will cause the immune system to stop functioning properly. Abnormal blood sugar levels can also increase inflammation, which will affect healing. In extreme cases of uncontrolled diabetic infections, amputations of the feet are not uncommon.
FREQUENT INFECTIONS
High blood sugar can predispose a diabetic to infections. One reason is that yeast feeds on sugar; due to the combination of high blood sugar and reduced immunity, yeast infections can easily get out of hand in someone with diabetes.
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Neuropathy is a form of nerve damage. High blood sugar can cause nerve damage throughout the body. However, diabetic neuropathy usually targets the nerves in the lower legs and feet. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy can range from numbness or pain in the legs and feet to problems with the urinary tract, digestive system, blood vessels, and even the heart. Some diabetics have mild symptoms of neuropathy, but other diabetics may experience debilitating pain.
FOUR TIPS FOR MANAGING DIABETES
Managing diabetes effectively takes daily effort, but the benefits are well worth it. The reward is a longer and healthier life.
CHECK YOUR BLOOD SUGAR
Follow your doctor’s schedule for checking your blood sugar and add regular extra checks. If you feel irritable or start to sweat, get a blood sugar check. Diabetes and sweating are a sign of low blood sugar.
TRACK YOUR CARBS
Carbohydrates are quickly converted to sugar after digestion. Limit your intake of carbohydrate-rich foods such as bread, pasta, potatoes and chips.
GET REGULAR MOVEMENT
Exercise will burn excess glucose in the blood. Try to exercise at least 2-3 hours a week, in daily steps.
KNOW ALL YOUR NUMBERS
Blood sugar levels aren’t the only numbers you need to know. You should also review your cholesterol and blood pressure readings.
In short, diabetes can have very serious health complications, but it can be managed. Pay attention to your symptoms and take the necessary steps to manage your diabetes, not just with medications, but with common sense, diet, and exercise. If you like this article, please share it!
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